Soil is usually the last thing we consider when planting a garden, but it the most important part. It’s a key element to the vitality of plants, and provides a foundation crucial for the stability of larger trees and shrubs.

Soil is comprised of three materials: sand, clay and loam. The best soil has equal parts of all three. Problems arise when there is too much of one material. Sandy soil is too loose and drain too quickly, providing poor support of large plants and poor water retention.

Clay soil is too hard when dry, repelling water and making it difficult for roots to grow. When wet, it holds too much water, leading to root rot. Compaction can also be a problem for most soils when there is lots of traffic, making it difficult for plants to flourish.

Spending a little time becoming familiar with the soil type in your backyard will greatly improve your gardening success. If you need help, bring in a sample and an English Gardens expert will be happy to assist in determining your soil type.

The good news is you’re not stuck with the soil you’re given. Add amendments to create a rich loamy composition. For sandy soil, add organic matter, such as peat or compost to give it more texture and water-holding properties. To break up clay soil, add gypsum, pine bark fines or ceramic pellets. Learn more about Amending Your Soil.

When working the soil, remove weeds and debris. Spread the appropriate amendments and fertilizer over the soil. Then turn it twice with a spading fork – once in one direction, and then work back the other way. Break up the clumps, and thoroughly mix in the ingredients.

Tilling the soil with a roto-tiller is another option. When soil is properly prepared, smaller plants can be planted by hand.

When planting in clay soil, be sure to plant high. Plant at the existing grade in well-drained soil. Be sure to plan for a layer of mulch. One of the most common reasons plant fail to thrive is planting too deep. Learn more about the Benefits of Mulch.

Soil should be graded below walks, drives and patios to prevent wash out. In the garden, provide an edging border — metal, plastic or natural — helps retain mulch. Additionally, soil should always be sloped away from structures.

Knowing soil consistency is important when selecting amendments. It’s also important to know your soil’s pH as well as nutrient composition before applying fertilizers. English Gardens offers a soil test for $ 12.99, which analyzes soil pH, as well as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) or potassium (K) content, and includes a personal in-store consultation for improving the soil. For more information, visit one of the English Gardens retail stores.